Video Transcript

When encountering somebody who has taken a drug overdose it is important to determine that there is no danger to yourselves, the casualty or any bystanders. Look for signs of vomiting drowsiness pale cold or clammy skin any breathing difficulties or containers or syringes that may be there.

Try to determine what has been taken and if any other injuries have occurred treat those as well.

If the casualty vomits try and collect a sample to take with them to the hospital.

First Response Treatment for Drug Overdose in the Workplace or Home: A First Aid Trainer’s Guide

Drug overdoses, whether accidental or intentional, are life-threatening emergencies requiring immediate action. Opioids, stimulants, prescription medications, alcohol, and illicit substances can all lead to overdose, with symptoms varying by substance. As a first aid trainer, I stress the importance of rapid recognition, naloxone administration (where applicable), and urgent medical care. Here’s a step-by-step guide to managing a suspected overdose.

1. Recognize the Signs

Symptoms depend on the substance but may include:

• Opioids (e.g., heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone):
  • Slow or stopped breathing.
  • Unconsciousness or inability to awaken.
  • Pinpoint pupils.
  • Pale, clammy skin.
• Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine):
  • Rapid heart rate, chest pain.
  • Agitation, paranoia, or seizures.
  • High body temperature.
• General signs: Confusion, vomiting, choking sounds, blue lips/fingertips, or loss of coordination.

2. Immediate Action Steps

A. Call Emergency Services (911 or Local Emergency Number)

• Do not delay. Overdoses can escalate rapidly. Provide the person’s age, symptoms, and substance involved (if known).
• Follow dispatcher instructions.

B. Check Responsiveness and Airway

• Shout the person’s name and tap their shoulder.
• If unconscious, place them in the recovery position (on their side) to prevent choking on vomit.
• Tilt the head back slightly to open the airway.

C. Administer Naloxone (For Opioid Overdoses)

• Naloxone (Narcan) can reverse opioid effects temporarily. Use intramuscular auto-injectors or nasal spray:
  1. Insert the nasal spray tip into one nostril and press the plunger.
  2. For injectable kits, administer into the outer thigh (through clothing if necessary).
• Repeat doses every 2–3 minutes if no response.
• Note: Naloxone wears off in 30–90 minutes. Always seek medical care even if the person revives.

D. Monitor Breathing and Vital Signs

• If breathing stops, begin CPR (30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths).
• Use an AED if available and the person is unresponsive.

E. Keep the Person Calm and Safe

• For stimulant overdoses, reduce sensory stimuli (dim lights, quiet environment).
• If agitated, protect them from self-harm without restraining aggressively.

F. Gather Information

• Collect pill bottles, syringes, or drug residue to help medical teams.
• Note the time of overdose and substances involved.

3. What NOT to Do

• Do not induce vomiting. This risks aspiration or worsening the situation.
• Do not give food, drink, or other medications (unless instructed by 911).
• Do not assume the person will “sleep it off.”

4. Post-Overdose Care

• Stay with the person until emergency services arrive.
• Be prepared for withdrawal symptoms (e.g., agitation, nausea) after naloxone administration.
• Protect privacy but ensure responders receive honest details about substance use.

5. Prevention and Preparedness

• Keep naloxone accessible: Employers and households in high-risk settings should stock it. Train users on its administration.
• Secure medications: Use lockboxes for prescription drugs. Dispose of unused pills properly.
• Educate: Train employees and family members on overdose signs and response.
• Advocate for support: Promote workplace Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) or community resources for addiction.

Why Speed Saves Lives

Opioid overdoses can suppress breathing within minutes, leading to brain damage or death. Stimulant overdoses risk heart attacks or hyperthermia. Immediate naloxone use and CPR can bridge the gap until advanced care arrives.

Final Thoughts

Overdose response hinges on preparedness and composure. Equip workplaces and homes with naloxone, first aid kits, and trained responders.
Remember: Never hesitate to call 000
Good Samaritan laws in many regions protect those aiding overdose victims from legal repercussions.

By fostering empathy, education, and swift action, we can turn bystanders into lifesavers.

Note: This guide aligns with protocols from the American Red Cross, SAMHSA, and CDC. Regular training refreshers are recommended to stay updated on best practices.