Video Transcript

A heart attack is caused from a blockage of a coronary artery this is life-threatening and needs to be treated immediately as every minute counts. Signs to look for is a constant dull heavy pain or discomfort in the center of the chest. The pain may be severe moderate or mild it may also be described as a tightness heaviness fullness or squeezing. The skin may be pale and sweaty and the casualty will not look well.

Keep the casualties still and discourage them from any physical activity while waiting for the ambulance.

if they have medication for Angina encourage them to take that and assist them if necessary. Current medical opinion states that while waiting for the ambulance the casualty may wish to chew on an aspirin tablet.

Be prepared to commence CPR if the casualty goes into cardiac arrest.

First Response Treatment for a Heart Attack: A First Aid Trainer’s Guide

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often by a blood clot. Without prompt treatment, irreversible damage or death can result. As a first responder, your actions in the first critical minutes can save lives. Here’s a step-by-step guide to managing a suspected heart attack.

1. Recognize the Symptoms

Heart attack symptoms vary, but common signs include:

• Chest pain/discomfort: A crushing, squeezing, or pressure-like sensation in the center of the chest, lasting more than a few minutes.
• Radiating pain: Discomfort spreading to the arms (often the left), jaw, neck, back, or stomach.
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, even without chest pain.
• Other symptoms: Cold sweats, nausea/vomiting, lightheadedness, or sudden overwhelming fatigue.

Note: Women, older adults, and diabetics may experience atypical symptoms (e.g., indigestion-like pain, dizziness). Never dismiss vague complaints.

2. Act Immediately: Call Emergency Services

Time is muscle. The faster professional care begins, the better the outcome.

• Dial emergency services (e.g., 000) immediately. Describe the symptoms and location.
• Do not let the person drive themselves or wait to see if symptoms improve.

3. Help the Person Rest

• Keep the person calm and seated in a comfortable position (e.g., leaning against a wall with knees bent).
• Loosen tight clothing around the neck and waist to ease breathing.
• Reassure them to reduce anxiety, which can strain the heart.

4. Assist with Medication

• Aspirin: If the person is conscious and not allergic, give 162–325 mg of aspirin (one regular-strength tablet or two low-dose). Instruct them to chew it slowly to hasten absorption. Aspirin helps prevent further clotting.
• Nitroglycerin: If prescribed, help them take their dose. Do not share medication or give anything else (e.g., water, food) unless advised by EMS.

5. Monitor and Prepare for CPR

• Check responsiveness and breathing frequently. If the person becomes unresponsive:
  • Start CPR: Perform chest compressions at 100–120 beats per minute (2 inches deep for adults). Use a 30:2 compression-to-breath ratio if trained.
  • Use an AED: Apply pads as soon as available and follow voice prompts.
• If vomiting occurs: Roll them onto their side to prevent choking, supporting the head and neck.

6. Stay with Them Until Help Arrives

• Keep the person warm and still.
• Note the time symptoms started and any changes in condition to relay to EMS.
• Avoid offering food, drink (except aspirin), or unnecessary movement.

Why Speed Matters

Every minute without treatment increases heart muscle damage. Modern interventions like clot-busting drugs or angioplasty are most effective within the first 90 minutes of symptom onset.

Prevention and Preparedness

• Workplace readiness: Ensure AEDs are accessible, and staff are trained in CPR.
• Know risk factors: High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and family history increase heart attack risk.
• Promote heart health: Encourage regular check-ups, a balanced diet, and stress management.

Final Thoughts

Your ability to recognize symptoms, call for help, and provide basic care bridges the gap until advanced medical support arrives. Stay calm, act decisively, and remember: Early intervention saves lives.

By fostering a heart-safe environment through training and awareness, workplaces can turn bystanders into lifesavers.

This guide aligns with current American Heart Association (AHA) and Red Cross protocols. Regular first aid/CPR refresher courses are recommended to maintain confidence and competence.