Video Transcript
The abdominal cavity is filled with solid organs such as the liver and the Spleen. These organs are filled with blood and when damaged they can bleed quickly. When looking for signs of abdominal trauma it is important to look for any nausea or vomiting obvious pain in the stomach and the back or any bleeding and also pale and cold skin.

To treat a victim of abdominal injuries it is important to firstly control any bleeding that may be present and consider that there may be internal bleeding. If the casualty is in shock they are able to lie down they are not able to have anything to eat or drink during this period.

If any of the internal organs are protruding you are to wrap them in a non-stick dressing and do not attempt to push them back into the abdominal cavity.

Correct Treatment of Abdominal Injuries in the Workplace or Home: A First Aid Trainer’s Guide

Abdominal injuries, whether caused by blunt force (e.g., falls, collisions) or penetrating trauma (e.g., knives, machinery), require urgent attention to prevent life-threatening complications like internal bleeding, organ damage, or infection. These injuries can be deceptive—external signs may seem minor, while internal harm escalates silently. As a first aid trainer, I emphasize rapid assessment, stabilization, and timely medical intervention. Here’s how to respond effectively.

1. Recognize the Signs

Blunt Trauma (Closed Injury):

• Bruising, swelling, or tenderness over the abdomen.
• Rigid or “board-like” abdomen (muscle guarding).
• Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or breathing.
• Nausea, vomiting (especially with blood).
• Signs of shock: Rapid pulse, pale skin, dizziness, or confusion.

Penetrating Trauma (Open Injury):

• Visible wound or embedded object.
• Bleeding (external or concealed).
• Protruding organs (evisceration).

2. Immediate First Aid Steps

A. Ensure Scene Safety

• Address hazards (e.g., turn off machinery, secure sharp objects).
• Do not move the person unless in immediate danger (e.g., fire, chemical spill).

B. Call Emergency Services

• Dial 911 or your local emergency number. Suspected internal injuries always require professional evaluation.

C. Position the Person

• Lay them on their back with knees slightly bent (place a pillow or rolled towel under the knees) to reduce abdominal tension.
• If coughing/vomiting, roll them onto their side (recovery position) to prevent choking.

D. Control External Bleeding

• For open wounds without protruding organs:
  • Apply direct pressure with a sterile gauze or clean cloth.
  • Secure dressings with bandages; avoid excessive pressure if internal injury is suspected.
• If organs are protruding:
  • Do not push them back in.
  • Cover with a sterile, moistened dressing (e.g., saline-soaked gauze) and loosely wrap with cling film or plastic wrap to retain moisture.

E. Stabilize Embedded Objects

• Do not remove the object (it may be controlling bleeding).
• Use bulky dressings or towels to immobilize it.

F. Monitor for Shock

• Keep the person warm with a blanket.
• Elevate legs 12 inches unless it causes pain or breathing difficulty.

3. What NOT to Do

• Do not give food, drink, or medication: This could delay surgery or worsen nausea.
• Avoid pressing on the abdomen: This may exacerbate internal injuries.
• Do not apply heat: Heat increases bleeding risk.

4. When to Suspect Internal Injury

Even without visible wounds, seek emergency care if the person:

• Was hit by a high-force object (e.g., forklift, falling debris).
• Shows signs of shock or severe pain.
• Has a history of abdominal surgery or medical conditions (e.g., enlarged spleen).

5. Prevention Strategies

• Workplace safety:
  • Enforce machine guarding, safe lifting techniques, and clutter-free walkways.
  • Provide cut-resistant gloves and PPE for high-risk tasks.
• Home safety:
  • Store sharp tools securely; use non-slip mats in bathrooms.
  • Childproof cabinets to prevent access to hazardous items.
• Training:
  • Teach teams to recognize hazards and report near-misses.
  • Conduct drills for trauma response, including abdominal injury scenarios.

Why Timely Action Matters

Internal bleeding or organ damage can lead to rapid deterioration. For example, a ruptured spleen may cause catastrophic blood loss within hours. Prompt medical imaging (e.g., CT scan) and surgery are often lifesaving.

Special Considerations

• Children and elderly: These groups may not show classic symptoms. Look for subtle signs like lethargy or refusal to eat.
• Sports injuries: Athletes sustaining abdominal blows should cease activity and seek evaluation, even if asymptomatic.

Final Thoughts

Abdominal injuries demand a cautious, methodical approach. First aiders should prioritize scene safety, minimize movement, and prepare for rapid transport to a hospital. Equip workplaces and homes with trauma kits containing sterile dressings, cling film, and emergency blankets. Remember: When in doubt, treat all significant abdominal trauma as a medical emergency.

By fostering preparedness and clear protocols, you empower bystanders to act confidently, bridging the gap between injury and advanced care.

Note: Aligns with guidelines from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and Red Cross. Regular first aid drills reinforce critical decision-making under pressure.